The above simulation is identical to the prior simulation, with a few exceptions:

  1. BulletThe uninfected population is shown as light blue,

  2. BulletWolbachia introductions are made into the lower left corner of the island (instead of the island center),

  3. BulletAn introduction of individuals harboring a Wolbachia single infection (shown as the red color) occurs at the second time point.

  4. BulletSubsequently, at time point ‘100’ (as the single infection type is invading), a second introduction occurs (shown as dark blue color).  The second introduction is a superinfection that is unidirectionally incompatible with the red infection type.

  5. BulletThus, a single infection invades the uninfected population.  The superinfection invades the single-infected population.


Presumably, the population could again be invaded by a triple Wolbachia infection (not shown) ...

Population Replacement III